SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker.cpp

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#include "storm/modelchecker/prctl/SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker.h"
 
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
 
#include "storm/adapters/RationalFunctionAdapter.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/InvalidPropertyException.h"
#include "storm/exceptions/NotImplementedException.h"
#include "storm/logic/FragmentSpecification.h"
#include "storm/modelchecker/helper/finitehorizon/SparseStepBoundedHorizonHelper.h"
#include "storm/modelchecker/helper/indefinitehorizon/visitingtimes/SparseDeterministicVisitingTimesHelper.h"
#include "storm/modelchecker/helper/infinitehorizon/SparseDeterministicInfiniteHorizonHelper.h"
#include "storm/modelchecker/helper/ltl/SparseLTLHelper.h"
#include "storm/modelchecker/helper/utility/SetInformationFromCheckTask.h"
#include "storm/modelchecker/prctl/helper/SparseDtmcPrctlHelper.h"
#include "storm/modelchecker/prctl/helper/rewardbounded/QuantileHelper.h"
#include "storm/modelchecker/results/ExplicitParetoCurveCheckResult.h"
#include "storm/modelchecker/results/ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult.h"
#include "storm/modelchecker/results/ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult.h"
#include "storm/models/sparse/Dtmc.h"
#include "storm/solver/SolveGoal.h"
#include "storm/utility/FilteredRewardModel.h"
#include "storm/utility/macros.h"
 
namespace storm {
namespace modelchecker {
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker(SparseDtmcModelType const& model)
    : SparsePropositionalModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>(model) {
    // Intentionally left empty.
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
bool SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::canHandleStatic(CheckTask<storm::logic::Formula, SolutionType> const& checkTask,
                                                                       bool* requiresSingleInitialState) {
    storm::logic::Formula const& formula = checkTask.getFormula();
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        if (formula.isInFragment(storm::logic::propositional())) {
            return true;
        }
        if (formula.isInFragment(storm::logic::reachability().setReachabilityRewardFormulasAllowed(true).setRewardOperatorsAllowed(true))) {
            return true;
        }
        if (formula.isInFragment(
                storm::logic::prctlstar().setBoundedUntilFormulasAllowed(true).setTimeOperatorsAllowed(true).setReachbilityTimeFormulasAllowed(true))) {
            return true;
        }
    } else {
        if (formula.isInFragment(storm::logic::prctlstar()
                                     .setLongRunAverageRewardFormulasAllowed(true)
                                     .setLongRunAverageProbabilitiesAllowed(true)
                                     .setConditionalProbabilityFormulasAllowed(true)
                                     .setConditionalRewardFormulasAllowed(true)
                                     .setTotalRewardFormulasAllowed(true)
                                     .setOnlyEventuallyFormuluasInConditionalFormulasAllowed(true)
                                     .setRewardBoundedUntilFormulasAllowed(true)
                                     .setRewardBoundedCumulativeRewardFormulasAllowed(true)
                                     .setMultiDimensionalBoundedUntilFormulasAllowed(true)
                                     .setMultiDimensionalCumulativeRewardFormulasAllowed(true)
                                     .setTimeOperatorsAllowed(true)
                                     .setReachbilityTimeFormulasAllowed(true)
                                     .setRewardAccumulationAllowed(true)
                                     .setHOAPathFormulasAllowed(true)
                                     .setDiscountedTotalRewardFormulasAllowed(true)
                                     .setDiscountedCumulativeRewardFormulasAllowed(true))) {
            return true;
        } else if (checkTask.isOnlyInitialStatesRelevantSet() && formula.isInFragment(storm::logic::quantiles())) {
            if (requiresSingleInitialState) {
                *requiresSingleInitialState = true;
            }
            return true;
        }
    }
 
    return false;
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
bool SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::canHandle(CheckTask<storm::logic::Formula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) const {
    bool requiresSingleInitialState = false;
    if (canHandleStatic(checkTask, &requiresSingleInitialState)) {
        return !requiresSingleInitialState || this->getModel().getInitialStates().getNumberOfSetBits() == 1;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeBoundedUntilProbabilities(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::BoundedUntilFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    storm::logic::BoundedUntilFormula const& pathFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
    if (pathFormula.isMultiDimensional() || pathFormula.getTimeBoundReference().isRewardBound()) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(checkTask.isOnlyInitialStatesRelevantSet(), storm::exceptions::InvalidOperationException,
                        "Checking non-trivial bounded until probabilities can only be computed for the initial states of the model.");
        storm::logic::OperatorInformation opInfo;
        if (checkTask.isBoundSet()) {
            opInfo.bound = checkTask.getBound();
        }
        auto formula = std::make_shared<storm::logic::ProbabilityOperatorFormula>(checkTask.getFormula().asSharedPointer(), opInfo);
        auto numericResult = storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeRewardBoundedValues(
            env, this->getModel(), formula);
        // The helper returns one value per initial state, in the order in which the bit vector selects them.
        return std::unique_ptr<CheckResult>(new ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>(this->getModel().getInitialStates(), std::move(numericResult)));
    } else {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(pathFormula.hasUpperBound(), storm::exceptions::InvalidPropertyException, "Formula needs to have (a single) upper step bound.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(pathFormula.hasIntegerLowerBound(), storm::exceptions::InvalidPropertyException, "Formula lower step bound must be discrete/integral.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(pathFormula.hasIntegerUpperBound(), storm::exceptions::InvalidPropertyException, "Formula needs to have discrete upper step bound.");
        std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> leftResultPointer = this->check(env, pathFormula.getLeftSubformula());
        std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> rightResultPointer = this->check(env, pathFormula.getRightSubformula());
        ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& leftResult = leftResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
        ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& rightResult = rightResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
        storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseStepBoundedHorizonHelper<ValueType, SolutionType> helper;
        std::vector<SolutionType> numericResult = helper.computeStepBoundedUntilProbabilities(
            env, storm::solver::SolveGoal<ValueType, SolutionType>(this->getModel(), checkTask), this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(),
            this->getModel().getBackwardTransitions(), leftResult.getTruthValuesVector(), rightResult.getTruthValuesVector(),
            pathFormula.getNonStrictLowerBound<uint64_t>(), pathFormula.getNonStrictUpperBound<uint64_t>(), checkTask.getHint());
 
        auto result = std::make_unique<ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>>(std::move(numericResult));
        result->setValuesExact();
        return result;
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeNextProbabilities(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::NextFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented next probabilities with intervals.");
    } else {
        storm::logic::NextFormula const& pathFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
        std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> subResultPointer = this->check(env, pathFormula.getSubformula());
        ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& subResult = subResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
        std::vector<SolutionType> numericResult =
            storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeNextProbabilities(
                env, this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(), subResult.getTruthValuesVector());
        auto result = std::make_unique<ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>>(std::move(numericResult));
        result->setValuesExact();
        return result;
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeUntilProbabilities(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::UntilFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    storm::logic::UntilFormula const& pathFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(checkTask.isUncertaintyResolutionModeSet(), storm::exceptions::InvalidSettingsException,
                        "Uncertainty resolution mode must be set for uncertain (interval) models.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(checkTask.getUncertaintyResolutionMode() != UncertaintyResolutionMode::Robust &&
                            checkTask.getUncertaintyResolutionMode() != UncertaintyResolutionMode::Cooperative,
                        storm::exceptions::InvalidSettingsException,
                        "Uncertainty resolution modes robust or cooperative not allowed if optimization direction is not stated explicitly.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix().isProbabilisticGraphPreserving(), storm::exceptions::InvalidSettingsException,
                        "Computing until probabilities on uncertain model requires graph-preservation.");
    }
    std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> leftResultPointer = this->check(env, pathFormula.getLeftSubformula());
    std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> rightResultPointer = this->check(env, pathFormula.getRightSubformula());
    ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& leftResult = leftResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
    ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& rightResult = rightResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
    auto ret = storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeUntilProbabilities(
        env, storm::solver::SolveGoal<ValueType, SolutionType>(this->getModel(), checkTask), this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(),
        this->getModel().getBackwardTransitions(), leftResult.getTruthValuesVector(), rightResult.getTruthValuesVector(), checkTask.isQualitativeSet(),
        checkTask.getHint());
    auto result = std::make_unique<ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>>(std::move(ret.values));
    result->setBounds(std::move(ret.solutionBounds));
    return result;
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeGloballyProbabilities(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::GloballyFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented globally probabilities with intervals.");
    } else {
        storm::logic::GloballyFormula const& pathFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
        std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> subResultPointer = this->check(env, pathFormula.getSubformula());
        ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& subResult = subResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
        auto ret = storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeGloballyProbabilities(
            env, storm::solver::SolveGoal<ValueType, SolutionType>(this->getModel(), checkTask), this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(),
            this->getModel().getBackwardTransitions(), subResult.getTruthValuesVector(), checkTask.isQualitativeSet());
        auto result = std::make_unique<ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>>(std::move(ret.values));
        result->setBounds(std::move(ret.solutionBounds));
        return result;
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeHOAPathProbabilities(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::HOAPathFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented automata-props with intervals.");
    } else {
        storm::logic::HOAPathFormula const& pathFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
 
        storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseLTLHelper<ValueType, false> helper(this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix());
        storm::modelchecker::helper::setInformationFromCheckTaskDeterministic(helper, checkTask, this->getModel());
 
        auto formulaChecker = [&](storm::logic::Formula const& formula) {
            return this->check(env, formula)->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>().getTruthValuesVector();
        };
        auto apSets = helper.computeApSets(pathFormula.getAPMapping(), formulaChecker);
        std::vector<ValueType> numericResult = helper.computeDAProductProbabilities(env, *pathFormula.readAutomaton(), apSets);
 
        return std::unique_ptr<CheckResult>(new ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<ValueType>(std::move(numericResult)));
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeLTLProbabilities(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::PathFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented LTL with interval models.");
    } else {
        storm::logic::PathFormula const& pathFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
 
        storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseLTLHelper<ValueType, false> helper(this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix());
        storm::modelchecker::helper::setInformationFromCheckTaskDeterministic(helper, checkTask, this->getModel());
 
        auto formulaChecker = [&](storm::logic::Formula const& formula) {
            return this->check(env, formula)->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>().getTruthValuesVector();
        };
        std::vector<ValueType> numericResult = helper.computeLTLProbabilities(env, pathFormula, formulaChecker);
 
        return std::unique_ptr<CheckResult>(new ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<ValueType>(std::move(numericResult)));
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeCumulativeRewards(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::CumulativeRewardFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    storm::logic::CumulativeRewardFormula const& rewardPathFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
    if (rewardPathFormula.isMultiDimensional() || rewardPathFormula.getTimeBoundReference().isRewardBound()) {
        if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
            STORM_LOG_THROW_UNCONDITIONALLY(storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException,
                                            "We have not yet implemented multi-dimensional or reward-bounded cumulative rewards with intervals.");
        } else {
            STORM_LOG_THROW(checkTask.isOnlyInitialStatesRelevantSet(), storm::exceptions::InvalidOperationException,
                            "Checking non-trivial bounded until probabilities can only be computed for the initial states of the model.");
            STORM_LOG_THROW(!checkTask.getFormula().hasRewardAccumulation(), storm::exceptions::InvalidOperationException,
                            "Checking reward bounded cumulative reward formulas is not supported if reward accumulations are given.");
            storm::logic::OperatorInformation opInfo;
            if (checkTask.isBoundSet()) {
                opInfo.bound = checkTask.getBound();
            }
            auto formula = std::make_shared<storm::logic::RewardOperatorFormula>(checkTask.getFormula().asSharedPointer(), checkTask.getRewardModel(), opInfo);
            auto numericResult = storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeRewardBoundedValues(
                env, this->getModel(), formula);
            // The helper returns one value per initial state, in the order in which the bit vector selects them.
            return std::unique_ptr<CheckResult>(new ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<ValueType>(this->getModel().getInitialStates(), std::move(numericResult)));
        }
    } else {
        if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
            STORM_LOG_THROW(checkTask.isUncertaintyResolutionModeSet(), storm::exceptions::InvalidSettingsException,
                            "Uncertainty resolution mode must be set for uncertain (interval) models.");
            STORM_LOG_THROW(checkTask.getUncertaintyResolutionMode() != UncertaintyResolutionMode::Robust &&
                                checkTask.getUncertaintyResolutionMode() != UncertaintyResolutionMode::Cooperative,
                            storm::exceptions::InvalidSettingsException,
                            "Uncertainty resolution modes robust or cooperative not allowed if optimization direction is not stated explicitly.");
        }
        STORM_LOG_THROW(rewardPathFormula.hasIntegerBound(), storm::exceptions::InvalidPropertyException, "Formula needs to have a discrete time bound.");
        auto rewardModel = storm::utility::createFilteredRewardModel(this->getModel(), checkTask);
        std::vector<SolutionType> numericResult =
            storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeCumulativeRewards(
                env, storm::solver::SolveGoal<ValueType, SolutionType>(this->getModel(), checkTask), this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(), rewardModel.get(),
                rewardPathFormula.getNonStrictBound<uint64_t>());
        auto result = std::make_unique<ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>>(std::move(numericResult));
        result->setValuesExact();
        return result;
    }
}
 
template<>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<storm::models::sparse::Dtmc<storm::RationalFunction>>::computeDiscountedCumulativeRewards(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::DiscountedCumulativeRewardFormula, storm::RationalFunction> const& checkTask) {
    STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "Discounted properties are not implemented for parametric models.");
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeDiscountedCumulativeRewards(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::DiscountedCumulativeRewardFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented discounted cumulative rewards with intervals.");
    } else {
        storm::logic::DiscountedCumulativeRewardFormula const& rewardPathFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
        STORM_LOG_THROW(rewardPathFormula.hasIntegerBound(), storm::exceptions::InvalidPropertyException, "Formula needs to have a discrete time bound.");
        auto rewardModel = storm::utility::createFilteredRewardModel(this->getModel(), checkTask);
        std::vector<SolutionType> numericResult =
            storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeDiscountedCumulativeRewards(
                env, storm::solver::SolveGoal<ValueType, SolutionType>(this->getModel(), checkTask), this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(), rewardModel.get(),
                rewardPathFormula.getNonStrictBound<uint64_t>(), rewardPathFormula.getDiscountFactor<SolutionType>());
        auto result = std::make_unique<ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>>(std::move(numericResult));
        result->setValuesExact();
        return result;
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeInstantaneousRewards(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::InstantaneousRewardFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented instantaneous rewards with intervals.");
    } else {
        storm::logic::InstantaneousRewardFormula const& rewardPathFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
        STORM_LOG_THROW(rewardPathFormula.hasIntegerBound(), storm::exceptions::InvalidPropertyException, "Formula needs to have a discrete time bound.");
        std::vector<SolutionType> numericResult =
            storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeInstantaneousRewards(
                env, storm::solver::SolveGoal<ValueType, SolutionType>(this->getModel(), checkTask), this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(),
                checkTask.isRewardModelSet() ? this->getModel().getRewardModel(checkTask.getRewardModel()) : this->getModel().getRewardModel(""),
                rewardPathFormula.getBound<uint64_t>());
        auto result = std::make_unique<ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>>(std::move(numericResult));
        result->setValuesExact();
        return result;
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeReachabilityRewards(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::EventuallyFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    storm::logic::EventuallyFormula const& eventuallyFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(checkTask.isUncertaintyResolutionModeSet(), storm::exceptions::InvalidSettingsException,
                        "Uncertainty resolution mode must be set for uncertain (interval) models.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(checkTask.getUncertaintyResolutionMode() != UncertaintyResolutionMode::Robust &&
                            checkTask.getUncertaintyResolutionMode() != UncertaintyResolutionMode::Cooperative,
                        storm::exceptions::InvalidSettingsException,
                        "Uncertainty resolution modes robust or cooperative not allowed if optimization direction is not stated explicitly.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix().isProbabilisticGraphPreserving(), storm::exceptions::InvalidSettingsException,
                        "Computing rewards on uncertain model requires graph-preservation.");
    }
    std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> subResultPointer = this->check(env, eventuallyFormula.getSubformula());
    ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& subResult = subResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
    auto rewardModel = storm::utility::createFilteredRewardModel(this->getModel(), checkTask);
    auto ret = storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeReachabilityRewards(
        env, storm::solver::SolveGoal<ValueType, SolutionType>(this->getModel(), checkTask), this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(),
        this->getModel().getBackwardTransitions(), rewardModel.get(), subResult.getTruthValuesVector(), checkTask.isQualitativeSet(), checkTask.getHint());
    auto result = std::make_unique<ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>>(std::move(ret.values));
    result->setBounds(std::move(ret.solutionBounds));
    return result;
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeReachabilityTimes(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::EventuallyFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(checkTask.isUncertaintyResolutionModeSet(), storm::exceptions::InvalidSettingsException,
                        "Uncertainty resolution mode must be set for uncertain (interval) models.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(checkTask.getUncertaintyResolutionMode() != UncertaintyResolutionMode::Robust &&
                            checkTask.getUncertaintyResolutionMode() != UncertaintyResolutionMode::Cooperative,
                        storm::exceptions::InvalidSettingsException,
                        "Uncertainty resolution modes robust or cooperative not allowed if optimization direction is not stated explicitly.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix().isProbabilisticGraphPreserving(), storm::exceptions::InvalidSettingsException,
                        "Computing reachability times on uncertain model requires graph-preservation.");
    }
    storm::logic::EventuallyFormula const& eventuallyFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
    std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> subResultPointer = this->check(env, eventuallyFormula.getSubformula());
    ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& subResult = subResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
    auto ret = storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeReachabilityTimes(
        env, storm::solver::SolveGoal<ValueType, SolutionType>(this->getModel(), checkTask), this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(),
        this->getModel().getBackwardTransitions(), subResult.getTruthValuesVector(), checkTask.isQualitativeSet(), checkTask.getHint());
    auto result = std::make_unique<ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>>(std::move(ret.values));
    result->setBounds(std::move(ret.solutionBounds));
    return result;
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeTotalRewards(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::TotalRewardFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented total rewards with intervals.");
    } else {
        auto rewardModel = storm::utility::createFilteredRewardModel(this->getModel(), checkTask);
        auto ret = storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeTotalRewards(
            env, storm::solver::SolveGoal<ValueType, SolutionType>(this->getModel(), checkTask), this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(),
            this->getModel().getBackwardTransitions(), rewardModel.get(), checkTask.isQualitativeSet(), checkTask.getHint());
        auto result = std::make_unique<ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>>(std::move(ret.values));
        result->setBounds(std::move(ret.solutionBounds));
        return result;
    }
}
 
template<>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<storm::models::sparse::Dtmc<storm::RationalFunction>>::computeDiscountedTotalRewards(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::DiscountedTotalRewardFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "Discounted properties are not implemented for parametric models.");
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeDiscountedTotalRewards(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::DiscountedTotalRewardFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented discounted total rewards with intervals.");
    } else {
        auto rewardModel = storm::utility::createFilteredRewardModel(this->getModel(), checkTask);
        storm::logic::DiscountedTotalRewardFormula const& rewardPathFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
        auto discountFactor = rewardPathFormula.getDiscountFactor<SolutionType>();
        auto ret = storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeDiscountedTotalRewards(
            env, storm::solver::SolveGoal<ValueType, SolutionType>(this->getModel(), checkTask), this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(),
            this->getModel().getBackwardTransitions(), rewardModel.get(), checkTask.isQualitativeSet(), discountFactor, checkTask.getHint());
        std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> result(new ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>(std::move(ret)));
        return result;
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeLongRunAverageProbabilities(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::StateFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented LRA probabilities with intervals.");
    } else {
        storm::logic::StateFormula const& stateFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
        std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> subResultPointer = this->check(env, stateFormula);
        ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& subResult = subResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
 
        storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDeterministicInfiniteHorizonHelper<ValueType> helper(this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix());
        storm::modelchecker::helper::setInformationFromCheckTaskDeterministic(helper, checkTask, this->getModel());
        auto values = helper.computeLongRunAverageProbabilities(env, subResult.getTruthValuesVector());
 
        return std::unique_ptr<CheckResult>(new ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>(std::move(values)));
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeLongRunAverageRewards(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::LongRunAverageRewardFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented lra with intervals.");
    } else {
        auto rewardModel = storm::utility::createFilteredRewardModel(this->getModel(), checkTask);
        storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDeterministicInfiniteHorizonHelper<ValueType> helper(this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix());
        storm::modelchecker::helper::setInformationFromCheckTaskDeterministic(helper, checkTask, this->getModel());
        auto values = helper.computeLongRunAverageRewards(env, rewardModel.get());
        return std::unique_ptr<CheckResult>(new ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<ValueType>(std::move(values)));
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeConditionalProbabilities(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::ConditionalFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented conditional probabilities with intervals.");
    } else {
        storm::logic::ConditionalFormula const& conditionalFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
        STORM_LOG_THROW(conditionalFormula.getSubformula().isEventuallyFormula(), storm::exceptions::InvalidPropertyException,
                        "Illegal conditional probability formula.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(conditionalFormula.getConditionFormula().isEventuallyFormula(), storm::exceptions::InvalidPropertyException,
                        "Illegal conditional probability formula.");
 
        std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> leftResultPointer = this->check(env, conditionalFormula.getSubformula().asEventuallyFormula().getSubformula());
        std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> rightResultPointer = this->check(env, conditionalFormula.getConditionFormula().asEventuallyFormula().getSubformula());
        ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& leftResult = leftResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
        ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& rightResult = rightResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
 
        std::vector<ExtendedSolutionType> numericResult =
            storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeConditionalProbabilities(
                env, storm::solver::SolveGoal<ValueType, SolutionType>(this->getModel(), checkTask), this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(),
                this->getModel().getBackwardTransitions(), leftResult.getTruthValuesVector(), rightResult.getTruthValuesVector(), checkTask.isQualitativeSet());
        return std::unique_ptr<CheckResult>(new ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>(std::move(numericResult)));
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeConditionalRewards(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::ConditionalFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented conditional rewards with intervals.");
    } else {
        storm::logic::ConditionalFormula const& conditionalFormula = checkTask.getFormula();
        STORM_LOG_THROW(conditionalFormula.getSubformula().isReachabilityRewardFormula(), storm::exceptions::InvalidPropertyException,
                        "Illegal conditional probability formula.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(conditionalFormula.getConditionFormula().isEventuallyFormula(), storm::exceptions::InvalidPropertyException,
                        "Illegal conditional probability formula.");
 
        std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> leftResultPointer = this->check(env, conditionalFormula.getSubformula().asReachabilityRewardFormula().getSubformula());
        std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> rightResultPointer = this->check(env, conditionalFormula.getConditionFormula().asEventuallyFormula().getSubformula());
        ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& leftResult = leftResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
        ExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType> const& rightResult = rightResultPointer->template asExplicitQualitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>();
 
        std::vector<ExtendedSolutionType> numericResult =
            storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDtmcPrctlHelper<ValueType, RewardModelType, SolutionType>::computeConditionalRewards(
                env, storm::solver::SolveGoal<ValueType, SolutionType>(this->getModel(), checkTask), this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix(),
                this->getModel().getBackwardTransitions(),
                checkTask.isRewardModelSet() ? this->getModel().getRewardModel(checkTask.getRewardModel()) : this->getModel().getRewardModel(""),
                leftResult.getTruthValuesVector(), rightResult.getTruthValuesVector(), checkTask.isQualitativeSet());
        return std::unique_ptr<CheckResult>(new ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>(std::move(numericResult)));
    }
}
 
template<>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<storm::models::sparse::Dtmc<storm::RationalFunction>>::checkQuantileFormula(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::QuantileFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "Quantiles for parametric models are not implemented.");
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::checkQuantileFormula(
    Environment const& env, CheckTask<storm::logic::QuantileFormula, SolutionType> const& checkTask) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented quantile formulas with intervals.");
    } else {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(checkTask.isOnlyInitialStatesRelevantSet(), storm::exceptions::InvalidOperationException,
                        "Computing quantiles is only supported for the initial states of a model.");
        STORM_LOG_THROW(this->getModel().getInitialStates().getNumberOfSetBits() == 1, storm::exceptions::InvalidOperationException,
                        "Quantiles not supported on models with multiple initial states.");
        uint64_t initialState = *this->getModel().getInitialStates().begin();
 
        helper::rewardbounded::QuantileHelper<SparseDtmcModelType> qHelper(this->getModel(), checkTask.getFormula());
        auto res = qHelper.computeQuantile(env);
 
        if (res.size() == 1 && res.front().size() == 1) {
            return std::unique_ptr<CheckResult>(new ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<ValueType>(initialState, std::move(res.front().front())));
        } else {
            return std::unique_ptr<CheckResult>(new ExplicitParetoCurveCheckResult<ValueType>(initialState, std::move(res)));
        }
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeSteadyStateDistribution(Environment const& env) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented steady state distributions with intervals.");
    } else {
        // Initialize helper
        storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDeterministicInfiniteHorizonHelper<ValueType> helper(this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix());
 
        // Compute result
        std::vector<SolutionType> result;
        auto const& initialStates = this->getModel().getInitialStates();
        uint64_t numInitStates = initialStates.getNumberOfSetBits();
        if (numInitStates == 1) {
            result = helper.computeLongRunAverageStateDistribution(env, *initialStates.begin());
        } else {
            STORM_LOG_WARN("Multiple initial states found. A uniform distribution over initial states is assumed.");
            ValueType initProb = storm::utility::one<ValueType>() / storm::utility::convertNumber<ValueType, uint64_t>(numInitStates);
            result = helper.computeLongRunAverageStateDistribution(env, [&initialStates, &initProb](uint64_t const& stateIndex) {
                return initialStates.get(stateIndex) ? initProb : storm::utility::zero<ValueType>();
            });
        }
 
        // Return CheckResult
        return std::unique_ptr<CheckResult>(new ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>(std::move(result)));
    }
}
 
template<typename SparseDtmcModelType>
std::unique_ptr<CheckResult> SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<SparseDtmcModelType>::computeExpectedVisitingTimes(Environment const& env) {
    if constexpr (storm::IsIntervalType<ValueType>) {
        STORM_LOG_THROW(false, storm::exceptions::NotImplementedException, "We have not yet implemented expected visiting times with intervals.");
    } else {
        // Initialize helper
        storm::modelchecker::helper::SparseDeterministicVisitingTimesHelper<ValueType> helper(this->getModel().getTransitionMatrix());
 
        // Compute result
        std::vector<ExtendedSolutionType> result;
        auto const& initialStates = this->getModel().getInitialStates();
        uint64_t numInitStates = initialStates.getNumberOfSetBits();
        STORM_LOG_THROW(numInitStates > 0, storm::exceptions::InvalidOperationException, "No initial states given. Cannot compute expected visiting times.");
        STORM_LOG_WARN_COND(numInitStates == 1, "Multiple initial states found. A uniform distribution over initial states is assumed.");
        result = helper.computeExpectedVisitingTimes(env, initialStates);
 
        // Return CheckResult
        return std::unique_ptr<CheckResult>(new ExplicitQuantitativeCheckResult<SolutionType>(std::move(result)));
    }
}
 
template class SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<storm::models::sparse::Dtmc<double>>;
template class SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<storm::models::sparse::Dtmc<storm::RationalNumber>>;
template class SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<storm::models::sparse::Dtmc<storm::RationalFunction>>;
template class SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<storm::models::sparse::Dtmc<storm::Interval>>;
template class SparseDtmcPrctlModelChecker<storm::models::sparse::Dtmc<storm::RationalInterval>>;
}  // namespace modelchecker
}  // namespace storm